Ex-employee says Madoff "told me what to do"

Accused fraudster Annette Bongiorno said in federal court that she was merely a well-paid typist for Bernard Madoff, and that she didn't know he was running a Ponzi scheme.

NEW YORK (CNNMoney)

She also testified that she would go back and alter trading records at Madoff's request when market conditions changed.

Bongiorno and four other ex-employees of Madoff's firm are currently on trial for fraud in federal court in Manhattan.

Under cross examination on Thursday, Bongiorno insisted that she didn't know that she was doing anything wrong.

"We did it all the time, these changes," she said. "I didn't think of it."

Bongiorno also claimed that she didn't know what the S&P 500 Index was, even though she admittedly spent years staring at a Bloomberg terminal as she backdated months or years worth of fictional trades.

She testified that after Lehman Brothers went bankrupt in September of 2008, she rewrote Madoff's records to make it look like he shrewdly sold 5,600 shares of the firm two months before its collapse. But she insisted that she didn't understand the significance of what she was doing, because she didn't read The Wall Street Journal.

"Everything was backdated," said Bongiorno. "It didn't raise a red flag."

Related: Five things you didn't know about Madoff's scam

She said that she spent so much of her career backdating trades that she did it without thinking, like "brushing my teeth," she told the court.

Bongiorno insisted that she was only entering data on orders from Madoff, whom she said was like a big brother to her.

"He told me what to do," she said. "I typed."

She said that she was paid a "good salary" for her typing. She also acknowledged that she owned a Bentley and two Mercedes, along with a house on Long Island, NY, and another home in Florida. She said that she had been looking forward to retirement and planned to sell her two homes and buy a $6.5 million condominium in Boca Raton.

But then in 2008 Madoff's scheme fell apart and the feds "seized everything," she said.

Bongiorno is on trial along with colleagues Dan Bonventre, Joann Crupi, Jerome O'Hara and George Perez. All are accused of helping Madoff orchestrate his $20 billion pyramid-style scam, and all have pleaded not guilty.

Related: JPMorgan's $2.6 billion Madoff reckoning

Madoff, who pleaded guilty in 2009 and is serving a 150-year sentence in a federal prison in North Carolina, hired underlings with limited experience and education. Bongiorno started working at the firm when she was 19 and fresh out of high school. She introduced Madoff to Frank DiPascali, Jr., who was driving a delivery truck for a dry cleaning service when Madoff hired him 1975. He eventually became a portfolio manager and is now acting as a witness for the government.

DiPascali admitted to cooking the books for his former boss by recording fake trades that actually didn't exist in testimony earlier this year. "We were lying," he said at the time.

Bonventre was an accountant when he went to work for Madoff, and was therefore one of the most experienced new hires on Madoff's staff. He also got an Associate's degree over the course of six years while working at the firm.

Related: SAC Capital's Martoma found guilty

Despite his college education and accounting experience, Bonventre said that the bulk of his Wall Street knowledge came from his former boss.

"[Madoff] often boasted that he wrote the rules," Bonventre said in testimony earlier this month. "He always told me 'this is how things work' and 'this is how we do it,' and I always believed him."

The trial, which has dragged on for five months, could go to the jury next week.

First Published: February 28, 2014: 1:01 PM ET

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The dysfunctional debate on debt

When it comes to long-term U.S. debt, Washington lawmakers and the White House aren't debating how to handle it, but rather who is ignoring the issue more.

NEW YORK (CNNMoney)

And both are projected to resume a northward trek in a few years.

But lawmakers are not talking seriously about how to put the federal budget on sounder footing for the long run.

In some ways, that's not surprising. Lawmakers and President Obama have been at war over the budget and debt ceiling since the 2008 financial crisis.

Those fights yielded the Budget Control Act of 2011 and the fiscal cliff deal of 2013, among other measures, which together have reduced projected deficits by a few trillion bucks over the next decade.

That's not nothing. But those measures don't do much to address the long-term debt problem that will come as the bulk of Baby Boomers retire, health care costs per person rise and interest on the growing debt builds.

What lawmakers have done is buy themselves a little time to plan for that future budget crunch.

The Congressional Budget Office projects that federal spending in coming decades will continually outpace revenue, and that the country's accumulated debt will keep growing faster than the economy.

End result: The vast majority of federal dollars will go to paying entitlement benefits and interest on the debt, leaving less money to pay for everything else Americans expect their government to do.

Related: Deficits continue to drop sharply - CBO

What lawmakers have now is a "quiet" period -- an improved economy and stabilized deficits. If they don't take advantage of it to start talking about these issues in earnest, it will be harder in the future to align spending pressures with incoming revenue. The longer lawmakers wait, the more abrupt the changes they may need to make.

"This is the time," said Douglas Holtz-Eakin, former CBO director and now president of the American Action Forum, a center-right think tank. "Fixing it in the middle of [the crunch] is not the time."

So what is Washington doing? Pointing fingers at who is ignoring the issue more and worrying about the next election.

Take the recent news that President Obama won't include a controversial Social Security proposal in his 2015 budget proposal due out on Tuesday.

The proposal, known as chained CPI, was included in his budget last year and would help reduce deficits by changing how federal benefits are adjusted for cost of living.

Those annual COLA increases, including growth in Social Security benefits, would be smaller under chained CPI than they are under more widely used inflation measures. Hence, why it's so controversial.

Related: 2013 deficit drops to $680 billion

The White House said the proposal is still good if Republicans are willing to close some tax loopholes to raise revenue for deficit reduction.

"That offer has been on the table for more than a year, and we've not seen any constructive engagement from the other side," White House spokesman Josh Earnest told reporters.

Republicans characterized the White House decision to drop the proposal from the budget as a clear sign Obama is done dealing with debt reduction.

"With three years left in office, it seems the president is already throwing in the towel," said Brendan Buck, the spokesman for House Speaker John Boehner.

So there we are. "You won't deal," Democrats say. "No, you won't deal," Republicans say.

Regardless of who you think is right, the fact remains no one's dealing.

First Published: February 28, 2014: 3:45 PM ET

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Online poker players get $76 million back

NEW YORK (CNNMoney)

A court-appointed administrator announced the distribution Friday of $76 million to roughly 27,500 U.S. customers of the defunct poker site. Their accounts have been frozen since 2011 due to a criminal case.

The Poker Players Alliance, a nonprofit advocacy group, applauded the action, but said there are still "several thousand" ex-Full Tilt players in the U.S. who have yet to receive their money. John Pappas, executive director of the PPA, estimated that there are between $50 million and $60 million in unclaimed or disputed funds that have yet to be distributed.

Prosecutors accused Full Tilt and two other sites -- PokerStars and Absolute Poker -- of circumventing federal laws against Internet gambling by deceiving banks and credit card issuers into processing payments for U.S. players.

In July 2012, the Justice Department announced a $731 million settlement with PokerStars and Full Tilt to resolve the allegations. Full Tilt also settled allegations that it had operated a Ponzi scheme, failing to maintain sufficient funds on deposit for players to withdraw.

Under the settlement, Full Tilt agreed to forfeit virtually of all its assets to the government, with PokerStars acquiring them.

Former Full Tilt CEO Raymond Bitar pleaded guilty last year to multiple gambling and fraud charges. He faced a substantial prison sentence but was released because of health problems.

First Published: February 28, 2014: 5:57 PM ET

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Credit Suisse helped clients hide billions from IRS - Senate report

A Senate panel led by Carl Levin (left) and John McCain released a report alleging Credit Suisse helped clients hide assets from IRS and blasting officials for not acting aggressively.

WASHINGTON (CNNMoney)

The Swiss banking giant, which is under investigation by the U.S. Justice Department for allegedly aiding tax evasion by its rich clients, opened a special Zurich airport branch so customers could fly in, meet their private bankers and quickly hit the slopes, Senate investigators said.

VIPs would use a secret elevator operated by remote control to be whisked to private banking suites. And bankers used sparse meeting rooms, avoided sending account statements and leaving paper trails, the Senate report said.

Last week, CNN reported unusual ways some Credit Suisse customers moved their money. For example, one wealthy customer traveled on flights while hiding $250,000 in pantyhose wrapped around her body, according to federal court documents.

According to the new Senate report, Credit Suisse held more than 22,000 accounts for U.S. customers, with assets valued at between $10 billion and $12 billion. Up to 95% of the accounts weren't reported for tax purposes to the IRS.

The Senate report will be the subject of a hearing Wednesday; executives from Credit Suisse and Justice Department officials are set to testify.

A person familiar with Credit Suisse's position said bank officials will acknowledge that there was wrongdoing, though it was limited to a few bad bankers. "This wasn't a systemic issue at Credit Suisse," the person said, and instead "involved a small number of private bankers in Switzerland who violated bank policy and also U.S. law."

The bank has since terminated the business that provided offshore banking to U.S. residents and was involved in the violations and has cooperated with the investigations, the person said.

The Senate probe takes aim not only at the bankers, but also at the Justice Department.

Senators claim prosecutors have moved slowly and not acted aggressively enough to get the names of account holders and the taxes they owe.

The bank is the latest to come under scrutiny for business practices that U.S. authorities say illegally helped customers avoid paying billions in taxes. The government has cracked down on the practice -- in 2009 Swiss bank UBS paid $780 million to settle similar allegations.

All told, 14 banks are under criminal investigation.

Sen. Carl Levin, a Democrat who heads the Senate investigations panel that produced the 175-page report, criticized Justice, the bank and Swiss authorities.

"After years of investigating, negotiating and jaw boning the U.S. has names for just 238 of those 22,000 Credit Suisse customers," Levin said. UBS, as part of its 2009 settlement, turned over the names of 4,700 account holders.

Sen. John McCain, the top Republican on the investigations subcommittee, blasted Justice for not holding top bankers "from both ends of the Atlantic" responsible for "practices that went on for years."

Credit Suisse has recently discussed paying about $800 million to settle the Justice Department probe, a figure that some officials and lawmakers think isn't nearly enough.

Levin described it as "too modest" adding: "It doesn't fit the malpractice."

A Justice spokeswoman said the department overall has charged 73 account holders and 35 bankers and advisers with tax evasion and related crimes, and that prosecutors "won't hesitate to indict if and when circumstances merit."

She said prosecutors' work so far "has been forceful enough to cause 43,000 taxpayers to self-report and pay nearly $6 billion in taxes and penalties. Additionally, more than 100 Swiss financial institutions have applied for a program where they fully disclose their illegal conduct, cooperate and pay steep penalties."

First Published: February 25, 2014: 5:09 PM ET

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How Mt.Gox went down

NEW YORK (CNNMoney)

The shutdown of Mt.Gox -- one of the world's largest bitcoin exchanges -- and the potential loss of more than $350 million worth of bitcoins is the result of abysmal mismanagement at the company.

By its own account, Mt.Gox collected only $380,450 in revenue during most of 2012. The next year, U.S. government agents seized $5 million from its accounts. Such a massive loss would cripple any business, but Mt.Gox remained open in Tokyo, taking people's cash for bitcoins.

Ever since, though, customers noticed Mt.Gox was slow to process transactions. That gave it the aura of a Ponzi scheme. You could join Mt.Gox and give it your money, but cashing out was near impossible.

Things grew worse on Feb. 7, when it halted withdrawals from its accounts. The company's computer programmers hadn't accounted for a quirk in the way Bitcoin works, allowing cyber attackers to dupe Mt.Gox with a scheme resembling receipt fraud. When Mt.Gox discovered it was under attack, it stopped any investors from pulling their money out of their trading platform.

Share your story: Do you have bitcoins?

By the time trading at Mt.Gox was halted entirely late Monday, the price of a Bitcoin there had dropped significantly, to $130. Meanwhile it was trading for more than four times that on other exchanges.

The fact that Mt.Gox's management potentially lost all of its customers' deposits to theft is nothing short of gross incompetence. The cyberthieves would have needed to trick Mt.Gox repeatedly -- withdrawing money, faking a receipt and demanding yet another withdrawal. Now imagine doing that for a prolonged period -- unnoticed -- to the tune of millions of dollars and emptying the company's accounts.

The lack of transparency is also astounding. A company with millions of dollars is staying silent about what's going on. At most, it offers the occasional cryptic message assuring customers it's "closely monitoring the situation and will react accordingly."

Related: What is Bitcoin?

For now, Mt.Gox customers are left with more questions than answers: Was Mt.Gox really just an insolvent bank with insufficient reserves? Did it use clients' incoming funds to pay out exiting ones? And why the lack of transparency with loyal customers?

U.S. regulators won't be there to help them get their money back. Mt.Gox is based in Tokyo and isn't subject to the strict controls of Wall Street firms. It also isn't insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, as most standard American bank accounts are.

U.S. officials like New York State's top financial regulator, Benjamin Lawsky, jumped at the opportunity to say this is exactly why more government regulation is necessary. U.S. Senator Tom Carper, who heads the homeland security committee, called it a lesson for policymakers.

Mark Williams, a former Federal Reserve bank examiner, said Mt.Gox's failure shows the risk inherent in sending your cash to Bitcoin exchanges -- most of which are located abroad in places like Slovenia and Hong Kong. There's little assurance you'll ever get that money back.

"The problems at Mt.Gox -- lack of strong controls and tight regulation -- are systemic to the Bitcoin industry. The reputational damage will spread," Williams said. "What was the largest exchange is now a collapsed tower of toxic sludge."

Related story: Silk Road heist could doom Bitcoin black markets

Sensing the oncoming wave of doubt, several other Bitcoin exchanges and digital wallet providers sought to reassure investors by taking a harder line with Mt.Gox.

"This tragic violation of the trust of users of Mt.Gox was the result of one company's abhorrent actions and does not reflect the resilience or value of Bitcoin and the digital currency industry," the groups said in a statement.

The executives who signed the letter cast Mt.Gox's downfall as the typical industry evolution that weeds out bad actors. Tom Samson is a Bitcoin faithful in Portland, Ore., who sees Mt.Gox's failure as merely a bump in the road.

"I for one am glad to see Mt.Gox finally die. They've been giving Bitcoin a bad name for far too long," he said. "Onwards and upwards."

First Published: February 25, 2014: 5:29 PM ET

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Apple fixes security flaw for Macs

Apple issued a security fix for Macs four days after hole was patched for mobile devices.

NEW YORK (CNNMoney)

The software update patches a security hole in OS X, the operating system for Apple computers. It comes four days after the same bug was fixed for iPhones, iPads and iPod Touches, which run on iOS software.

The issue was first disclosed on Friday when Apple (AAPL, Fortune 500) released the security patch for mobile devices.

Security experts said there was no evidence hackers discovered the issue before Apple disclosed it, but Mac users were potentially vulnerable since then.

Left unfixed, hackers could potentially read private communications sent over Apple devices, including emails, instant messages, social media posts and even online bank transactions.

Related: BlackBerry unveils new Q20 phone

Those communications usually happen over secure channels. But an error in Apple's code could allow hackers on the same network as the user to view private information, security expert Dmitri Alperovitch told CNNMoney.

So for the most part, Apple users were vulnerable when using an unsecured network at places like a coffee shop or airport.

The software update was issued for both Mavericks and Mountain Lion versions of OS X. Older versions were not vulnerable to the security hole, according to an Apple spokesman.

First Published: February 25, 2014: 8:23 PM ET

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Will Obama's pledge get the unemployed back to work?

NEW YORK (CNNMoney)

But actually hire them? Their pledge doesn't go quite that far.

On Friday, the White House unveiled a pact signed by 300 companies that have agreed to implement new best practices intended to stamp out discrimination against the long-term unemployed -- generally defined as those who have been out of work for six months or longer.

"Because they've been unemployed ... so long, folks are looking at that gap in the résumé and they're weeding them out before these folks even get a chance for an interview," Obama told CNN's Jake Tapper in an exclusive interview Thursday.

The companies pledge not to post job ads that discourage applicants who are unemployed. For example, in some cases, job listings would use language such as "applicants must be currently employed.'

They also agree to review their procedures so they don't inadvertently discriminate against applicants with long gaps in their résumés, and they commit to cast a broad net in recruiting.

The question is whether these steps will have any meaningful effect. Will they lead to jobs or even help remove some of the stigma that the long-term unemployment face?

Related: 'I just want a job'

Jamie May and Lena Rouse know that stigma first hand. Both have been unemployed for over a year now.

May feels she's being discriminated against for two reasons: The gaps in her résumé and her age (she's 56). But in interviews, employers just keep telling her she's overqualified.

"The discrimination is very covert. It's not blatant, but that doesn't mean it's not there," May said. "When I first read about the 300 companies, I thought 'it's just a bunch of talk'."

Rouse would prefer to see the White House push for tax credits for hiring the long-term unemployed.

"A pledge sounds like a waste of time," said Rouse. "Businesses are for-profit. If there are concerns about higher costs with hiring the long-term unemployed, then we should find financial incentives to make the long-term unemployed the preferred hires."

Companies like Boeing (BA, Fortune 500), Dell, Walmart, (WMT, Fortune 500) Apple (AAPL, Fortune 500), McDonald's (MCD, Fortune 500)and Ford (F, Fortune 500) have already taken Obama's pledge. But the White House also made clear that signing it didn't mean the 300 companies were discriminating against the unemployed.

It's more about sending a message, said Mike Evangelist, a policy analyst with the National Employment Law Project.

"I think it's an important first step," he said. "You're talking about changing attitudes, but it's not going to directly create new jobs."

When reporters asked just how many people would be helped by the pledge, the White House wouldn't answer that question.

"This pledge is saying that those who are long-term unemployed should get a fair shot," Gene Sperling, director of the National Economic Council, said on a conference call Thursday.

Are you unemployed? Share your story with CNNMoney

As of December, about 4 million Americans were counted as unemployed for more than 27 weeks. Efforts backed by Obama to extend a federal program providing jobless benefits to that group fell flat earlier this month in Congress.

New Jersey, Oregon and the District of Columbia already have laws in place, prohibiting job ads that discriminate against the unemployed. In 2011, the President tried to get Congress to pass a nationwide law, prohibiting discrimination based on unemployment status. Bills were introduced in the Senate and House, but little progress was made.

First Published: January 31, 2014: 2:36 PM ET

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Detroit reaches deal on retiree health care

Protestors oppose cuts to healthcare coverage for city of Detroit retirees.

NEW YORK (CNNMoney)

"We're happy we're able to reach any agreement short of protracted litigation," Nowling said. "Things are starting to move in the bankruptcy case and we think it's moving in a positive way."

The cost of providing health care coverage for retirees accounted for about half of the $11.5 billion in unsecured debt that the city cited in its July 18 bankruptcy filing. The plan presented by Orr calls for using the bankruptcy court process to slash those debts to $2 billion.

Related: $330 million deal could save art in bankrupt Detroit

The tentative deal only covers the cost of health care, not pension benefits, which also could be cut in the city's bankruptcy reorganization. Pension benefits have some protections under the Michigan state constitution, but it is not clear whether those protections mean anything in the bankruptcy court process. The retiree health care coverage has even fewer legal protections.

The city has provided health care coverage to retirees who are not yet eligible for Medicare that is similar to what active employees get. It has also offered a supplemental Medicare policy.

In October, the city announced plans to end health care coverage for retirees not yet eligible for Medicare. Instead, those retirees would get a $125-a-month stipend to buy coverage on their own, either through the Obamacare exchanges or a current employer.

Michigan governor offers $350 million bailout for Detroit pensions

But first because of problems with the Obamacare web sites, and then at the request of mediators, the city delayed cutting those benefits. They were due to take effect March 1.

There had been a hearing in bankruptcy court set for Feb 3, to hear a legal challenge to these benefit cuts. But on Friday, mediators in the case announced the two sides had reached an agreement and that the legal challenge would be dropped.

Details of the agreement still need to be worked out, according to Nowling. And it will need to be approved by bankruptcy court judge Steven Rhodes.

Rhodes has already rejected a previous agreement between Orr and two major banks that hold city debt, the Bank of America (BAC, Fortune 500) and UBS (UBS). That agreement was also backed by mediators, so it's not certain that Rhodes will approve the deal.

Spokespeople for the city's unions were not available for comment Friday.

First Published: January 31, 2014: 2:41 PM ET

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What Americans think about Obama's myRA plan

NEW YORK (CNNMoney)

But not everyone thinks the new plans are a great deal. The accounts, which will launch in a pilot program later this year and will eventually be available to any worker who gets paid through direct deposit and earns below a certain threshold, has elicited a wide range of reaction.

CNNMoney heard from dozens of readers about the president's plan. From disbelievers to eager savers, here's a sampling of where America stands on myRAs:

"Why would anyone consider giving a broke and bankrupt government any more of your money? That's foolish," said 62-year-old reader Steve Keller.

Related: What you need to know about Obama's 'myRA' retirement accounts

Yet, people from a range of ages and financial situations expressed enthusiasm for myRA, saying they would sign up immediately if able. Some don't have access to workplace savings plan, while others said they like the idea of supplementing their savings with the account, which would allow them to save up to $5,500 a year until the account balance reaches $15,000.

In previous years, 36-year-old Grand Prairie, Texas resident Angel Malone had both retirement and other savings set aside. But after weathering four months of unemployment last year and taking a significant pay cut, Malone now says she has less than $1,000 in savings.

Malone, who as a contract worker doesn't receive retirement benefits, said myRA could help her start saving again.

"Being able to start it with a small contribution (is) very affordable at this point for me," she said. "These days anything saved is a help over $0."

Many readers were worried they would not have enough money to live on in retirement and hoped the new plan could help their situation.

"I'm going to be pretty much dependent on Social Security. But I would like to continue saving," said 67-year-old Kathryn Riss, who stopped saving for retirement after losing her job in 2008. While she found a new job in 2009, she now earns around a third of what she used to and doesn't receive retirement benefits.

She and her husband keep the modest savings they do have in money market accounts, which earn less than 1%. The myRA, on the other hand, will invest in government savings bonds and provide returns of around 2% to 3%, depending on interest rates.

Riss said they would like the security and slightly higher returns that the government-backed accounts would offer. "We don't want something that's really volatile and where there's high risk," she said.

Related: Will you have enough to retire?

But other readers weren't sold. Alaska resident John Baumeister, 43, said he would never put his retirement savings in an investment with such a modest return. While Baumeister receives pension benefits from his job as a firefighter, he also invests in a traditional Roth IRA.

"2% interest is pathetic," he said. "Inflation will swallow your buying power at that rate."

Torrington, Conn. resident Dave Elwell is 24, earns a modest income as a mason's apprentice and receives no retirement benefits, making him the target audience for the myRA program.

Yet, in Elwell's opinion, "myRA is little more than worthless" for a young saver due to the minimal returns.

Instead, he said he will continue to contribute 10% of his pay to the Roth IRA account that he set up around six months ago with an online broker. Elwell said he splits his savings among five mutual funds, which are heavily invested in stocks and have been earning double digit annual returns.

"(Obama is) making it seem like people can take money and put it in this account and really have something special," he said. "But after inflation, what will that really be worth?"

First Published: January 31, 2014: 2:50 PM ET

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Hackers attack Yahoo Mail accounts

NEW YORK (CNNMoney)

Yahoo (YHOO, Fortune 500) said it recently identified a coordinated effort by hackers who tried to log into many email accounts with stolen usernames and passwords. The note by Yahoo products executive Jay Rossiter did not immediately say how many accounts were affected.

The company declined to comment further but said it has teamed up with federal law enforcement to investigate the attack.

The credentials were likely taken from a third-party database, Yahoo said.

Related story: Stolen credentials blamed in Target breach

Yahoo said it reset passwords for users who were impacted. The company sent them text messages Wednesday night warning of "unusual activity on the network."

First Published: January 30, 2014: 6:04 PM ET

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